Even though I am very much pro-wsp, that is, building (UI)stuff in SharePoint the "right way", in VisualStudio, and packaging it into a wsp with features, I acknowledge that there are cases and situations where it really is not in the customer's - the SharePoint holder's - best interest to do it the long and expensive way, but instead make a lightweight solution directly in the site.
This - tweaking, enhancing, boosting the existing environment - is what I talked about at Techdays Finland last week. The slideset (in Finnish) can be
downloaded from the Techdays site, video will be available later on, and here is a summary in English.
The basic thing to understand is that SharePoint pages are built with html and css, just like other web pages. The frame of the page is the html - xhtml more specifically, unless html5 has already been implemented - of the Masterpage. This you cannot alter - nor any other existing html on the pages - but you can manipulate it with css, and you can add your own html on pages too.
On a wiki page, the additional css and html are inserted straight to the page by editing the html of the page (you might want to convert it to xhtml first); no Web Parts are needed for this. You could even create your very own Text Layout inside the wiki page by using the One Column Text Layout and then creating your own divs (or table, if you wish) in the html editor. You can hide elements on the page, e.g. the left side navigation (
see my earlier post on this) - use IE Developer Toolbar or Firebug etc. to find the elements - but you cannot add JavaScript on the page for SharePoint will rip it out.
(I did not show this own layout as a demo at Techdays - an hour is sooo short!)
Save your layout html (Save and Close, then return to edit mode) before inserting Web Parts in your own divs - otherwise SharePoint just might erase the whole html.
On these wiki page based sites such as Team Sites, you need to create a Web Part Page and use a Content Editor Web Part in order to be able to insert JavaScript on the site. This Web Part Page can be set as the home page of the site in Site Settings > Welcome Page (in Look & Feel category). Another suggested work-around is to add the Javascript references and functions to the page as a linked text file and then call them from the page html. I haven't explored this further myself.
On publishing pages any custom html, css or JavaScript needs to be inserted in a Content Editor Web Part. Then the contents can be edited in a similar way as the contents of a wiki page - except that SharePoint does a little less ripping, so JavaScript can be quite easily inserted too. In my session I demoed a couple different jQuery functionalities:
With the jQuery UI, remember the Download tool for getting all the right bits and pieces, and themes too, without needing to copy everything manually!
These are only a couple examples. Exploring the
jQuery site and the web more widely, you can find a whole lot of ideas and things to put on your site, and if you learn SharePoint Client Object Model, you can even use the SharePoint libraries and lists in custom functions, e.g. in a picture gallery as above.
Just remember: jQuery shoud be referred to only once per page, otherwise the whole thing goes berserk. See more about
JavaScript and SharePoint in my earlier post on the topic. And check out the
mobile comaptibility tables to see what the mobile devices support and what not! If you want to really make it happen for the mobile devices too, you might want to consider
jQuery Mobile.
JavaScript you can add to pages as demonstrated above, or use it in Web Parts or application pages etc. created in VisualStudio, or add it to a site in an empty module and then delivere it as wsp solutions with features. With the css, you have the possibility to insert it on the page, deliver it in a UI solution or create something in between: an alternate stylesheet. With the alternate stylesheet you get the same css tweaks on every page of your site, or even site collection if you select to inherit the stylesheet - and you can even
manipulate the Web Apps page ribbon to an extent.
The Office Web Apps and Office Web Parts, such as Visio and Excel Web Parts, are more or less untouchables otherwise. You can do some little tricks to the toolbars with css, even with wsp-issued JavaScript, but that's pretty much it. The contents and their styles run down deep in the code, there's no changing e.g. the colors of the Excel chart in the Web Part. Simply does not happen.
The thing to remember with all these customizations is that they are more or less one-time-only. You can copy-paste your html, css, JavaScript etc. and store it in a text file to reuse it (and actually this is highly recommendable even if you only use them in that one site - it's better to edit the text file and then copy-paste it to the page again as it is than try to edit the html that SharePoint has already messed up), but still, it is not an easily maintained reusable content part like a Web Part. So think carefully where the line goes between tweaking and making it for good!
